Windows游戏开发之Direct用顶点生成Cube

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Direct3D的学习终于要走入正题了

下面用顶点来渲染一个Cube

创建一个储存顶点信息的结构体

struct Vertex 
{
	Vertex(float x, float y, float z)
	{
		_x = x;
		_y = y;
		_z = z;
	}
	float _x, _y, _z;

	static const DWORD FVF = D3DFVF_XYZ;
};

struct Vertex

{

Vertex(float x, float y, float z)

{

_x = x;

_y = y;

_z = z;

}

float _x, _y, _z;

static const DWORD FVF = D3DFVF_XYZ;

};

FVF是顶点格式，x,y,z就是坐标

需要一个顶点缓存和一个索引缓存

定义两个缓存变量指针

LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 VB = NULL;
LPDIRECT3DINDEXBUFFER9 VI = NULL;

1 2	LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 VB = NULL; LPDIRECT3DINDEXBUFFER9 VI = NULL;

然后创建这两个Buffer

d3ddev->CreateVertexBuffer(8 * sizeof(Vertex), D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY, Vertex::FVF, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, &VB, 0);
d3ddev->CreateIndexBuffer(36 * sizeof(WORD), D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY, D3DFMT_INDEX16, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, &VI, 0);

1 2	d3ddev->CreateVertexBuffer(8 * sizeof(Vertex), D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY, Vertex::FVF, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, &VB, 0); d3ddev->CreateIndexBuffer(36 * sizeof(WORD), D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY, D3DFMT_INDEX16, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, &VI, 0);

两个创建都差不多

HRESULT CreateVertexBuffer( [in]          UINT                   Length, [in]          DWORD                  Usage, [in]          DWORD                  FVF, [in]          D3DPOOL                Pool, [out, retval] IDirect3DVertexBuffer9 **ppVertexBuffer, [in]          HANDLE                 *pSharedHandle );

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HRESULT CreateVertexBuffer(
  [in]          UINT                   Length,
  [in]          DWORD                  Usage,
  [in]          DWORD                  FVF,
  [in]          D3DPOOL                Pool,
  [out, retval] IDirect3DVertexBuffer9 **ppVertexBuffer,
  [in]          HANDLE                 *pSharedHandle
);

HRESULT CreateIndexBuffer( [in]          UINT                  Length, [in]          DWORD                 Usage, [in]          D3DFORMAT             Format, [in]          D3DPOOL               Pool, [out, retval] IDirect3DIndexBuffer9 **ppIndexBuffer, [in]          HANDLE                *pSharedHandle ); *第一个Length 指的是分配给缓存的字节大小 *Usage 是指定关于怎样使用缓存的额外信息。可以查看D3DUSAGE_* FVF 就是顶点格式 Pool 缓存存放在哪个内存池查看D3DPOOL_ Format 指定索引的大小，查看D3DFMT_INDEX* PSharedHandle 设置为0 NULL

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HRESULT CreateIndexBuffer(
  [in]          UINT                  Length,
  [in]          DWORD                 Usage,
  [in]          D3DFORMAT             Format,
  [in]          D3DPOOL               Pool,
  [out, retval] IDirect3DIndexBuffer9 **ppIndexBuffer,
  [in]          HANDLE                *pSharedHandle
);

*第一个Length 指的是分配给缓存的字节大小
*Usage 是指定关于怎样使用缓存的额外信息。可以查看D3DUSAGE_*
FVF 就是顶点格式
Pool 缓存存放在哪个内存池  查看D3DPOOL_
Format 指定索引的大小，查看D3DFMT_INDEX*
PSharedHandle  设置为0 NULL

然后访问这两个缓存

填入相关的顶点数据和索引数据

Vertex *v;
VB->Lock(0, 0, (VOID**)&v, 0);

v[0] = Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
v[1] = Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
v[2] = Vertex(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
v[3] = Vertex(1, -1, -1);
v[4] = Vertex(-1, -1, 1);
v[5] = Vertex(-1, 1, 1);
v[6] = Vertex(1, 1, 1);
v[7] = Vertex(1, -1, 1);

VB->Unlock();

WORD *i;
VI->Lock(0, 0, (VOID**)&i, 0);

//前面
i[0] = 0; i[1] = 1; i[2] = 2;
i[3] = 0; i[4] = 2; i[5] = 3;
//背面
i[6] = 4; i[7] = 6; i[8] = 5;
i[9] = 4; i[10] = 7; i[11] = 6;
//左面
i[12] = 4; i[13] = 5; i[14] = 1;
i[15] = 4; i[16] = 1; i[17] = 0;
//右面
i[18] = 3; i[19] = 2; i[20] = 6;
i[21] = 3; i[22] = 6; i[23] = 7;
//顶部
i[24] = 1; i[25] = 5; i[26] = 6;
i[27] = 1; i[28] = 6; i[29] = 2;
//底部
i[30] = 4; i[31] = 0; i[32] = 3;
i[33] = 4; i[34] = 3; i[35] = 7;

VI->Unlock();

Vertex *v;

VB->Lock(0, 0, (VOID**)&v, 0);

v[0] = Vertex(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);

v[1] = Vertex(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);

v[2] = Vertex(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);

v[3] = Vertex(1, -1, -1);

v[4] = Vertex(-1, -1, 1);

v[5] = Vertex(-1, 1, 1);

v[6] = Vertex(1, 1, 1);

v[7] = Vertex(1, -1, 1);

VB->Unlock();

WORD *i;

VI->Lock(0, 0, (VOID**)&i, 0);

//前面

i[0] = 0; i[1] = 1; i[2] = 2;

i[3] = 0; i[4] = 2; i[5] = 3;

//背面

i[6] = 4; i[7] = 6; i[8] = 5;

i[9] = 4; i[10] = 7; i[11] = 6;

//左面

i[12] = 4; i[13] = 5; i[14] = 1;

i[15] = 4; i[16] = 1; i[17] = 0;

//右面

i[18] = 3; i[19] = 2; i[20] = 6;

i[21] = 3; i[22] = 6; i[23] = 7;

//顶部

i[24] = 1; i[25] = 5; i[26] = 6;

i[27] = 1; i[28] = 6; i[29] = 2;

//底部

i[30] = 4; i[31] = 0; i[32] = 3;

i[33] = 4; i[34] = 3; i[35] = 7;

VI->Unlock();

这里讲一下Lock方法

HRESULT Lock( [in]  UINT OffsetToLock, [in]  UINT SizeToLock, [out] VOID **ppbData, [in]  DWORD Flags ); *offsetToLock 偏移量，开始的位置，字节为单位 *sizeToLock 锁定的字节数长度 *ppbData 一个指定锁定内存开始的指针 *Flags 描述怎么锁定内存查看D3DLOCK_*

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HRESULT Lock(
  [in]  UINT OffsetToLock,
  [in]  UINT SizeToLock,
  [out] VOID **ppbData,
  [in]  DWORD Flags
);

*offsetToLock 偏移量，开始的位置，字节为单位
*sizeToLock 锁定的字节数  长度
*ppbData 一个指定锁定内存开始的指针
*Flags 描述怎么锁定内存  查看D3DLOCK_*

设置视图矩阵

//设置视图矩阵
D3DXVECTOR3 position(0, 0, -5);
D3DXVECTOR3 target(0, 0, 0);
D3DXVECTOR3 up(0, 1, 0);
D3DXMATRIX V;
D3DXMatrixLookAtLH(&V, &position, &target, &up);
d3ddev->SetTransform(D3DTS_VIEW, &V);

//设置视图矩阵

D3DXVECTOR3 position(0, 0, -5);

D3DXVECTOR3 target(0, 0, 0);

D3DXVECTOR3 up(0, 1, 0);

D3DXMATRIX V;

D3DXMatrixLookAtLH(&V, &position, &target, &up);

d3ddev->SetTransform(D3DTS_VIEW, &V);

视图变换就是将世界中所有物体

跟随相机做一样的变换

从而使相机到达某一个位置

*position是相机在世界坐标系的位置

*target是相机在世界坐标系的目标点

*up世界坐标系上的方向

设置投影矩阵

//投影矩阵
D3DXMATRIX project;
D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(&project, D3DX_PI*0.5f, (float)800 / (float)600, 1.0f, 1000.0f);
d3ddev->SetTransform(D3DTS_PROJECTION, &project);

//投影矩阵

D3DXMATRIX project;

D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(&project, D3DX_PI*0.5f, (float)800 / (float)600, 1.0f, 1000.0f);

d3ddev->SetTransform(D3DTS_PROJECTION, &project);

投影就是将N维变成N-1维

这里就是将3d数据变成2d图片

D3DXMATRIX* D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH( _Inout_ D3DXMATRIX *pOut, _In_    FLOAT      fovy, _In_    FLOAT      Aspect, _In_    FLOAT      zn, _In_    FLOAT      zf ); *fovy 用弧度表示视野的角度 *Aspect 宽高比 *zn 前裁剪面距离 *zf 后裁剪面距离

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D3DXMATRIX* D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(
  _Inout_ D3DXMATRIX *pOut,
  _In_    FLOAT      fovy,
  _In_    FLOAT      Aspect,
  _In_    FLOAT      zn,
  _In_    FLOAT      zf
);

*fovy 用弧度表示视野的角度
*Aspect 宽高比
*zn 前裁剪面距离
*zf 后裁剪面距离

设置渲染模式

//渲染模式
//d3ddev->SetRenderState(D3DRS_FILLMODE, D3DFILL_SOLID);
d3ddev->SetRenderState(D3DRS_FILLMODE, D3DFILL_WIREFRAME);

//渲染模式

//d3ddev->SetRenderState(D3DRS_FILLMODE, D3DFILL_SOLID);

d3ddev->SetRenderState(D3DRS_FILLMODE, D3DFILL_WIREFRAME);

这里就没什么好说了

在Update中设置世界坐标系转换矩阵

D3DXMATRIX Rx, Ry;
D3DXMatrixRotationX(&Rx, 3.14f / 4.0f);

static float y = 0.0f;
D3DXMatrixRotationY(&Ry, y);
y += 0.01;

if (y >= 6.28) {
	y = 0;
}

D3DXMATRIX r = Rx * Ry;
d3ddev->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &r);

D3DXMATRIX Rx, Ry;

D3DXMatrixRotationX(&Rx, 3.14f / 4.0f);

static float y = 0.0f;

D3DXMatrixRotationY(&Ry, y);

y += 0.01;

if (y >= 6.28) {

y = 0;

}

D3DXMATRIX r = Rx * Ry;

d3ddev->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &r);

绕X轴旋转45度

然后绕Y轴一直旋转

最后进行绘制的准备

d3ddev->Clear(0, 0, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 255), 1.0f, 0);
d3ddev->BeginScene();
d3ddev->SetStreamSource(0, VB, 0, sizeof(Vertex));
d3ddev->SetIndices(VI);
d3ddev->SetFVF(Vertex::FVF);

d3ddev->Clear(0, 0, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 255), 1.0f, 0);

d3ddev->BeginScene();

d3ddev->SetStreamSource(0, VB, 0, sizeof(Vertex));

d3ddev->SetIndices(VI);

d3ddev->SetFVF(Vertex::FVF);

1.设置资源流（顶点们）

HRESULT SetStreamSource( [in] UINT                   StreamNumber, [in] IDirect3DVertexBuffer9 *pStreamData, [in] UINT                   OffsetInBytes, [in] UINT                   Stride ); *StreamNumber 与哪个资源挂钩，多重流用。 *offsetInBytes 相对流开始的位置，字节为单位 *Stride 单位的字节大小

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HRESULT SetStreamSource(
  [in] UINT                   StreamNumber,
  [in] IDirect3DVertexBuffer9 *pStreamData,
  [in] UINT                   OffsetInBytes,
  [in] UINT                   Stride
);

*StreamNumber  与哪个资源挂钩，多重流用。
*offsetInBytes 相对流开始的位置，字节为单位
*Stride 单位的字节大小

2.设置索引缓存

SetIndices(索引缓存）

3.设置顶点格式

SetFVF()

这里只用了D3DFVF_XYZ坐标

具体还有查看D3DFVF

最后用索引的方式绘制

d3ddev->DrawIndexedPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 0, 8, 0, 12);
d3ddev->EndScene();
d3ddev->Present(0, 0, 0, 0);

d3ddev->DrawIndexedPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 0, 8, 0, 12);

d3ddev->EndScene();

d3ddev->Present(0, 0, 0, 0);

HRESULT DrawIndexedPrimitive( [in] D3DPRIMITIVETYPE Type, [in] INT              BaseVertexIndex, [in] UINT             MinIndex, [in] UINT             NumVertices, [in] UINT             StartIndex, [in] UINT             PrimitiveCount ); *Type 绘制的图元类型，点线三角形，查看D3DPT_* *BaseVertexIndex 基本数字，加索引的。平常设为0 *NumVertices 被引用的顶点数 *StartIndex 索引缓存中开始的位置 *PrimitiveCount 绘制图元的个数

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HRESULT DrawIndexedPrimitive(
  [in] D3DPRIMITIVETYPE Type,
  [in] INT              BaseVertexIndex,
  [in] UINT             MinIndex,
  [in] UINT             NumVertices,
  [in] UINT             StartIndex,
  [in] UINT             PrimitiveCount
);

*Type 绘制的图元类型，点线三角形，查看D3DPT_*
*BaseVertexIndex 基本数字，加索引的。平常设为0
*NumVertices 被引用的顶点数
*StartIndex 索引缓存中开始的位置
*PrimitiveCount 绘制图元的个数

最后，看看结果

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